Ampicillin tabs 250mg #20

Instruction for Ampicillin

You can buy Ampicillin here

Composition

In 1 tablet ampicillin trihydrate 0.25 g. Potato starch, talc, croscarmellose sodium, calcium stearate, as auxiliary substances.

Form of issue

Tablets, capsules, powder for injection, granules for the preparation of suspension.

pharmachologic effect

Antibacterial.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Pharmacodynamics

Semisynthetic antibiotic penicillin series, acts bactericidal. The mechanism of action is associated with the inhibition of the synthesis of the cell membrane of fissile microorganisms: it breaks the peptide bonds in it, which leads to the preservation of the bacterial cell and to lysis. Acid-resistant. It is active against Gram-positive (staphylococcus, streptococcus) and Gram-negative microorganisms (Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Influenza rod).
It is of interest for the treatment of purulent surgical infection, infections of the urinary system, cholangitis and cholecystitis. Effective for the treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory tract (extramammary pneumonia, bronchitis, otitis, sinusitis), meningitis, endocarditis (in combination with Gentamycin), intestinal infections (shigellosis)
Destroyed by penicillinase and therefore ineffective against penicillinase-forming staphylococci. Attempts were made to "protect" the antibiotic from the destruction of its bacteria by bacteria. "Protected" penicillins are combinations with enzyme inhibitors: Ampicillin + Sulbactam (Unazine, Sultasin and others). Sulbactam does not have antibacterial action, but it inhibits beta-lactamase, so in this combination the antibiotic also acts on resistant strains of microorganisms.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption is rapid, bioavailability is 40%. The maximum concentration in the blood is determined after 2 hours. The protein binds to 20%. In therapeutic concentrations it is found in the pleural and synovial fluids, the contents of blisters, high concentrations in the urine, gall bladder, lungs, genital organs, bile, bronchial secretion, bones, paranasal sinuses, middle ear, saliva.
It is excreted by the kidneys (70-80%), partially with bile, and with breast milk. In the urine, high concentrations of antibiotic are found. Does not accumulate with multiple admission.

Indications for use

    sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, pharyngitis, bronchitis, abscess, pneumonia;
    urinary tract infection;
    pyelonephritis;
    cholangitis;
    gonorrhea, cervicitis;
    Chlamydia in pregnant women;
    rye, impetigo, infected dermatoses;
    scarlet fever;
    pasteurellosis, listeriosis;
    Salmonella and its carrier, typhoid fever, dysentery;
    peritonitis;
    endocarditis;
    meningitis;
    septicemia.

Contraindications

    lymphocytic leukemia;
    Infectious mononucleosis;
    hypersensitivity to penicillins;
    colitis associated with taking antibiotics;
    impaired liver function (for intramuscular injection);
    age up to 1 month.

Side effects

    itching, scaling of the skin;
    rhinitis, urticaria, angioedema;
    rarely - maculopapular rash, fever, dermatitis, erythema and anaphylactic shock;
    dysbacteriosis, gastritis, taste change, dry mouth, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting;
    stomatitis, glossitis, pseudomembranous enterocolitis;
    agitation, aggressiveness, anxiety, depression, convulsions;
    leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis;
    nephritis, nephropathy;
    candidiasis of the vagina.

Instructions for use Ampicillin (Method and dosage)

Tablets Ampicillinum, instructions for use

The drug in tablets or capsules is taken orally. Dosage for adults - 250-500 mg (depending on the severity of the disease) for 1 hour before meals 4 times a day.
With infections of the urinary system 500 mg 4 times a day. With gonococcal urethritis appointed once 3.5 g. Ampicillin in tablets adults can be taken in a maximum daily dose of 4 g. Children prefer to designate the form of the suspension, as described below.
Ampicillin / sulbactam tablets contain two parts of ampicillin in a standard dosage and one part of sulbactam. The method of their application and dosage is the same.

Overdose

It is manifested by symptoms: nausea, vomiting, agitation, convulsions.
Treatment consists in washing the stomach, taking sorbents, laxatives and symptomatic therapy. It is in hemodialysis.

Interaction

Bacteriostatic agents (macrolides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, lincosamides, tetracyclines) have an antagonistic effect, bactericidal antibiotics (aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, cephalosporins, Rifampicin) have a synergistic effect.
Antacids and laxatives, food intake reduce absorption, and increases its ascorbic acid.
Strengthens the effect of anticoagulants, reduces the effectiveness of estrogen-containing contraceptives.
Diuretics, Allopurinol, Phenylbutazone, Oxyphenbutazone, NSAIDs, increase the concentration of the active substance due to a decrease in tubular secretion.
Simultaneous reception of Allopurinol causes the risk of skin rash.
Increases the absorption of digoxin. Increases the toxicity of methotrexate.

Storage conditions

At a temperature not exceeding 30 ° C.
Shelf life - 3 years.

Ampicillin for children

Suspension for children is designed for admission with a monthly age. For its preparation in the vial with granules, boiled water is added to the mark and shaken, stored at room temperature for 2 weeks. Shake well before use. Pay attention to the dosage - there are suspensions with an active substance content of 125 mg and 250 mg. If you take the latter option, then in 1 full measuring spoon (5 ml of suspension) will be 250 mg of active ingredient, the lower label of the spoon corresponds to 125 mg.
Dosage for children with a mild infection: up to 1 year - at the rate of 100 mg / kg of weight per day, from 1 year to 4 years - 100-150 mg / kg of weight per day, over 4 years - 1-2 grams per day. The required dose should be given in 4 or 6 receptions.

Ampicillin during pregnancy

According to indications ampicillin during pregnancy can be used. Because the active substance is released in low concentrations with the milk of the nursing mother, during the period of treatment breastfeeding is temporarily stopped.

Ampicillin and alcohol

The instructions on whether alcohol and Ampicillinum are combined are not mentioned. However, after reflection, it can be concluded that drinking alcohol can cause or exacerbate adverse reactions, reduce the active substance in tissues and the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy.
And this is due to the fact that with the intake of alcohol, the cytochrome P450 activation system is violated (it is induced), and the enzymes of other cytochromes necessary for the metabolism of drugs are suppressed. Also, the production of glucuronic acid, which is necessary for the binding of toxic substances and metabolites of drugs, is reduced.

Reviews about Ampicillin

From what Ampicillin in tablets? This is an antibiotic of the penicillin group, so it is used for various infections, including, it has not lost its relevance in the treatment of shigellosis. Ampicillin is now widely used, first of all, because it is available to the vast majority of patients, it practically does not cause liver function disorders (frequency less than 0.1%, compared with Cefotaxime 8% and aminoglycidides - 15%). In medical practice, capsules and tablets Ampicillin are used in the form of trihydrate of 250 mg, as well as granules for the preparation of a suspension. I must say that the oral forms of this drug have a low bioavailability - only 40%. As a drug for intramuscular administration, it is effective in the treatment of many infections, but as a preparation for ingestion in most cases inferior to Amoxicillin, the advantage of which is better and stable absorption, no effect on food intake, and a lower multiplicity of application. In addition, oral administration of this drug can cause dysbiosis, while Amoxicillin slightly suppresses the flora. Frequent use of the drug in children (every 4 months) can lead to fluorosis - a defect of tooth enamel.
Reviews about Ampicillinum are mostly associated with its use in angina and sinusitis, in severe cases, injections of "pure" ampicillin or its combination with sulbactam - Ampisulbin, Sultasin or Uanazin were prescribed.
Indications for use include its appointment for infection of the ear, throat, paranasal sinuses, cystitis and pyelonephritis. The choice of this drug for pyelonephritis is explained by the absence of nephrotoxicity, the effect on the E. coli (the main cause of urinary tract infections) and the ability to excrete with urine in therapeutic concentrations.
With uncomplicated pyelonephritis, treatment was started with ampicillin. In the absence of effect after 2-3 days, fluoroquinolones or cephalosporins were added. Only in some patients, nausea, vomiting, upset of the stool, rash and itching were noted during treatment.