Levomycetin solution 3% 25ml

Levomycetin instruction for use

Reed more and buy Levomycetin

Composition

The active substance of Levomycetin in all its forms is chloramphenicol - a substance that belongs to the group of antibiotics amfenikola.
The alcohol solution of Levomycetin is available in a concentration of 0.25; 1, 3 and 5%.
Preparations of different manufacturers have a different composition of auxiliary components.
All variants of the same drug produced by pharmaceutical companies in the countries of the post-Soviet space differ slightly, because they use the same technology for the production of levomycetin. Thus, eye drops Levomycetin DIA do not differ from drops produced, for example, by the enterprise Belmedpreparaty.

Form of issue

    alcohol solution 1%, 3%, 5% and 0.25% (ATX code D06AX02);

pharmachologic effect

Antibacterial. The drug stops inflammation and heals infections of any tissues and organs, provided that they are caused by a microflora that is sensitive to chloramphenicol.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Is Levomycetin an antibiotic or not? An antibiotic of synthetic origin, which is identical to the product produced by the microorganisms Streptomyces venezuelae in the process of their vital activity.
Chloramphenicol is disastrous for most gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria (including strains that show resistance to sulfonamides, streptomycin and penicillin), spirochetes, rickettsia, and some large viruses.
It exhibits low activity against Clostridium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, acid-fast bacteria and protozoa.
The mechanism of action of the drug is associated with the ability of chloramphenicol to disrupt the synthesis of proteins of microorganisms. The substance blocks the polymerization of activated amino acid residues that are associated with mRNA.
The resistance to chloramphenicol in microbes develops relatively slowly; cross resistance to other chemotherapeutic drugs, as a rule, does not arise.
With topical application, the necessary concentration is created in aqueous humor, vitreous fibers, horny and iridescent membranes. The drug does not penetrate into the lens.

Pharmacokinetic parameters when taking chloramphenicol by mouth:

    Absorption - 90%;
    bioavailability - 80%;
    the degree of binding to plasma proteins is 50-60% (in those born before the prescribed
    term of infants - 32%);
    Tmax - from 1 to 3 hours.
The therapeutic concentration in the blood stream remains for 4-5 hours after oral administration. In bile is found about a third of the dose, the highest concentration of Levomycetin is created in the kidneys and liver.
The drug is able to pass the placental barrier, its serum concentration in the fetus can reach 30-80% of serum concentration in the mother. Penetrates into the milk.
Biotransformed mainly in the liver (90%). Under the influence of normoflora of the intestine is hydrolyzed with the formation of inactive metabolites.
The elimination time is 24 hours. It is mainly excreted by the kidneys (by 90%). With the contents of the intestine is derived from 1 to 3%. T1 / 2 for an adult - from 1.5 to 3.5 hours, in children 1-16 years - from 3 to 6.5 hours, in children on the 1-2 day after birth - 24 hours or more (with a low mass body longer), 10-16 days of life - 10 hours.
Hemodialysis is weak.

Indications for use: why use tablets, eye solution and external therapy (liniment and alcohol solution)

What helps the medicine? Levomycetin is prescribed for diseases that are provoked by antibiotics sensitive to the action of antibiotics: Shigella, Salmonella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Proteus strains, Neisseria, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Leptospira, Klebsiella and several other microorganisms.
The drug is available in several dosage forms. This allows the delivery of chloramphenicol directly to the lesion and the concentration required for the treatment.

Indications for the use of Levomycetin in the form of liniment and solution:

    bacterial skin infections, provided that they are caused by a microflora sensitive to chloramphenicol;
    trophic ulcers;
    pressure sores;
    furuncles;
    wounds;
    infected burns;
    Emergence of breastfeeding nipple cracking.
Alcohol solution in the ears is prescribed to be administered with purulent otitis.

Contraindications

The annotation states that contraindications for the use of Levomycetin are:
    hypersensitivity;
    depression of bone marrow hematopoiesis;
    acute intermittent (intermittent) porphyria;
    deficiency of the enzyme G6PD;
    renal / hepatic insufficiency.
The external therapy does not apply to extensive granulating wound surfaces, as well as to the skin that is affected by fungal infection, eczema or psoriasis.
Patients who have previously received cytotoxic drugs or who underwent radiation therapy, pregnant women, young children (especially the first 4 weeks of life), the drug is prescribed for life.

Side effects

Side effects of levomycetin systemic:

    disorders of the digestive system - nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia, vomiting, irritation of the mucous throat and mouth, dysbiosis;
    disorders of hemostasis and hemopoiesis - reticulocyte, leuko and thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hypogemoglobinaemia, aplastic anemia;
    disorders of the sense organs and the nervous system - depression, optic neuritis, mental and motor disorders, headache, impaired consciousness and / or taste, hallucinations (auditory or visual), delirium, decreased visual acuity / hearing;
    hypersensitivity reactions;
    attachment of a fungal infection;
    dermatitis;
    cardiovascular collapse (as a rule, in children of the first year of life).
When applying eye drops, liniment and alcohol solution, local allergic reactions are possible.

Instructions for use Levomycetin

The instruction on a solution alcohol

The solution is intended for lubrication of the affected skin surface or for application under an occlusive dressing.
The duration of treatment depends on the course of the pathological process, its severity and the effectiveness of therapeutic measures.
Cracлs in the nipples should be treated with a 0.25% solution after each feeding. Treatment continues no more than 5 days.

Levomycetin against acne

What is Levomycetin? Antibacterial preparation. The ability to quickly suppress infectious and inflammatory processes allows the use of a drug (tablets and alcohol solution) against acne.
In case of skin problems, a 1% solution is usually recommended. The medicine is applied point-wise not to dry the skin and not to provoke the emergence of chloramphenicol-resistant microbes, which in the future can lead to the appearance of difficult to treat purulent pimples.
The solution is used from the moment of appearance of the pimple and before its disappearance. It is important to remember that the remedy is not intended for preventive use.
To treat acne and red, inflamed acne, chloramphenicol is often used in combination with other drugs.
The most popular are the following acutants from acne with Levomycetin:
    Aspirin, Levomycetin and tincture of calendula. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and chloramphenicol take 4 tablets and, chopping them into a powder, pour 40 ml of tincture of calendula.
    Boric acid, Levomycetin, salicylic acid and ethyl alcohol. To prepare the medicine, the ingredients are mixed in the following proportion: 5 ml of a 2% solution of salicylic acid, boric acid and alcohol - 50 ml each, Levomycetin - 5 g.
    Salicylic acid, streptocid, camphor alcohol, Levomycetin in the following proportion: 30 ml (2% solution) / 10 tablets / 80 ml / 4 tablets.
The reviews suggest that these remedies are very effective if acne is single, but if the problem is more extensive, it is necessary first of all to eliminate its cause from within.

Overdose

Severe complications from hemopoiesis are usually associated with the use of long doses exceeding 3 g / day. Symptoms of chronic intoxication: pallor of the skin, hyperthermia, sore throat, hemorrhage and bleeding, fatigue or weakness.
Treatment with high doses of newborns can provoke the development of cardiovascular ("gray") syndrome, the main signs of which are:
    change in the color of the skin on bluish-gray;
    hypothermia;
    bloating;
    vomiting;
    absence of nervous reactions;
    violation of the rhythm of breathing;
    acidosis;
    circulatory collapse;
    cardiovascular failure;
    coma.
In 2 out of 5 cases the patient dies. The cause of death is the accumulation of the drug in the body due to the immaturity of liver enzymes and the direct toxic effect of floramfenicol on the myocardium.
Cardiovascular syndrome occurs when the plasma concentration of chloramphenicol exceeds 50 μg / ml.
Treatment involves carrying out gastric lavage, the use of salt laxatives, enterosorbents, cleansing enema. In severe cases, hemosorption and symptomatic therapy are indicated.
Elevated doses of eye drops may cause temporary visual impairment. If the dose is exceeded, rinse the eyes with running water.
Overdose of funds for external therapy can be accompanied by irritation of the skin and mucous membranes, as well as local reactions of hypersensitivity.

Interaction

Interaction with topical application is not described.
Chloramphenicol enhances the effect of hypoglycemic drugs (by increasing their plasma concentration and suppressing their metabolism in the liver), as well as the effect of drugs that inhibit bone marrow hematopoiesis.
The drug prevents the bactericidal effect of penicillin. Weaken the metabolism of warfarin, phenobarbital and phenytoin, increasing their concentration in blood plasma and slowing their excretion.
In combination with clindamycin, erythromycin and lincomycin, the drugs mutually weaken each other's action.
To prevent an increase in the inhibitory effect on hemopoiesis, chloramphenicol should not be used together with sulfanilamide preparations.

Terms of sale

Liniment and alcohol solution belong to the group of OTC drugs. To purchase tablets and eye drops you need a prescription from a doctor.

Storage conditions

Drops for eyes, alcohol solution, tablets should be stored at a temperature of up to 25 ° C, liniment at a temperature of 15-25 ° C.

Shelf life

For alcoholic solution - 1 year.

special instructions

In the State Pharmacopoeia, it is indicated that levomycetin is white / white with a greenish-yellow hue, a bitter taste and an odorless crystalline powder. The substance is poorly soluble in water and easily soluble in 95% alcohol. In chloroform, it is almost insoluble.
The gross formula of the substance is C₁₁H₁₂N₂O₅Cl</s>.

Is it possible to use drops in the nose and in the ear?

In the nose, drops for eyes are used in practice for bacterial rhinitis, in the ear - with purulent otitis.
Despite the fact that the use of the drug for other purposes can not be considered correct, such treatment in some cases does help.
Most often, eye forms in the rhinitis are prescribed to babies who do not know how to blow themselves up: a large amount of mucus with bacteria when ingested in various sinuses can provoke complications such as sinusitis or sinusitis.
Despite the fact that the use of drops Levomycetin in infants can dry the mucous membrane and reduce the flow of snot, it is proved that the local use of antibiotics often does not allow to effectively combat bacterial infection.
If we talk about the scheme of treatment on the basis of the "off-label prescription" (not according to prescription), then Levomycetin is instilled in the ear 3-4 drops, in the nose - 1-2 drops. Treatment lasts from 5 to 10 days. Multiplicity of procedures - 1-2 per day.
Before you apply the drug in the nose, you must first drip the vasoconstrictor. Before entering the ear, it is necessary to clear the external auditory canal from the pus.

Application in veterinary medicine

In veterinary practice, Levomycetin is used for colibacillosis, salmonellosis, leptospirosis, dyspepsia, colibenteritis, coccidosis and cholerotic cholangitis, infectious laryngotracheitis and mycoplasmosis of birds, urinary tract infections and bronchopneumonia.
The dose for farm animals, as well as for cats and dogs, is selected depending on the weight and severity of the disease.
How to give the chicken a drug? To avoid mass death of chickens from an intestinal infection, they take 1 tablet of Levomycetin for 3-5 days 2 times a day with the feed. This dosage is calculated for 15-20 chicks.

Analogues

for solution and ointment Levomycetin - Baneocin.

Levomycetin and alcohol

Alcohol and chloramphenicol are incompatible. With simultaneous use with ethanol, the risk of developing a disulfiram-like effect is high, which is manifested by tachycardia, flushing of the skin, nausea and vomiting, reflex coughing, and cramps.

Levomycetin during pregnancy

Levomycetin for external and systemic use is contraindicated in pregnancy. If the drug is prescribed to a nursing woman, the child should be transferred to artificial feeding for the duration of treatment.
In the presence of indications, eye drops may be used in pregnant women and lactation, provided that the recommended dosages are not exceeded.

Reviews about Levomycetin

On the Internet, reviews of tablets and solutions in most cases refer to the use of the drug for acne.
With external application - even in its pure form (if it is a solution), and in the composition of the talkers (for example, the talker, which includes Aspirin, Levomycetin and tincture of Calendula) - the drug copes with acne for a couple of days.
No less good reviews about the eye drops Levomycetin. Despite its low cost, the drug gives a fast and in the vast majority of cases a 100% result.